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81.
Pathogens, especially Gram-negative bacteria or bacterial endotoxin, along with other classical factors, may be involved in inflammatory response within the aortic endothelium during the progression of cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that bacterial endotoxin activates various inflammatory processes in the body. Our study aims to establish a correlation between endotoxemia and vascular expression of antioxidant enzymes. Swiss albino mice (4 weeks old) were fed a high fat diet for 24 weeks and then were administered Escherichia coli endotoxin intraperitonealy, for 4 weeks. Tissue antioxidant enzymes, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF alpha were measured from the mice. We report that i.p. administration of endotoxin to hyperlipidemic mice resulted in elevation of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes, which was paralleled by a systemic reduction of serum cholesterol and LDL expression. Myeloperoxidase levels were also found to be elevated in aortic tissue, while an increase was also observed in the serum cytokine levels.  相似文献   
82.
目的:旨在探讨辽东木忽木提取物对运动性肾功能损伤的预防作用。方法:Wistar雄性大鼠45只,随机分为三组:正常对照组(NC,n=12)、运动组(EC,n=17、木忽木组(AE,n=16),通过6周递增负荷游泳训练建立大鼠过度训练模型,采用分光光度法、免疫比浊法、放射免疫法分别测定运动后尿蛋白(TP)、尿微量白蛋白(mAlb)、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG);肾组织一氧化氮(NO)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、丙二醛(MDA)。结果:1)与NC组相比:EC组Tb、mAlb、β2-MG、NOi、NOS、MDA水平显著升高,P<0.01。2)与EC组相比:AE组TP、mAlb、β2-MG、NO、MDA含量显著下降,P<0.01;iNOS水平明显下降,P<0.05。结论:1)大鼠经过6周递增负荷游泳训练后产生了过度训练,过度训练可引起运动性肾损伤。2)辽东木忽木对运动性肾损伤具有一定的预防作用,其机理可能是通过降低iNOS活性,减少诱导型NO,缓解过度训练对肾脏的脂质过氧化损伤来实现的。  相似文献   
83.
摘要：目的：探讨运动干预对慢性心力衰竭 (CHF) 大鼠肾脏功能和肾脏AQP2表达的影响,揭示运动改善CHF肾脏功能的可能机制。方法：选取雄性SD大鼠36只,随机分为假手术组 (Sham),慢性心力衰竭组 (CHF),慢性心力衰竭＋间歇有氧运动组（AIT-CHF）,每组12只。Sham组大鼠常规饲养,CHF采用心脏左冠状动脉前降支（LADCA）结扎法,建立CHF模型。AIT-CHF组大鼠在术后4周开始运动。AIT-CHF组起始运动速度为10 m/min,运动时间为10 min,速度逐渐增至25 m/min,运动7 min后,间歇3 min,其速度为15 m/min,之后依次交替进行,运动总时间为60 min。以上训练方案每周5 d,训练至8周结束。训练结束后,采用血流动力学和紫外分光光度法测定各组大鼠心肾功能变化。利用天狼猩红染色和免疫组化方法分别检测肾脏间质胶原和AQP2表达定位。运用 Western Blot和Real time-PCR法分别检测肾脏AQP2蛋白和mRNA表达变化。Western Blot法检测各组大鼠肾脏p-NF-κBp65蛋白含量。结果：与Sham组比较,CHF组大鼠LVEDP升高,LVSP和±dp/dt max显著降低;CVF升高,血清BUN和 sCr表达增高,AVP活性显著增强;CHF后可见肾脏集合管主细胞膜和胞浆中AQP2阳性染色,并且AQP2蛋白和mRNA表达显著升高,同时肾脏中p-NF-κBp65蛋白表达增多。与CHF组比较,AIT可显著降低AIT-CHF组大鼠LVEDP,升高LVSP和±dp/dt max;降低CVF,减少血清BUN和 sCr表达,降低AVP活性表达;显著减少肾脏AQP2蛋白和mRNA表达,同时降低肾脏p-NF-κBp65蛋白表达。结论：1) 间歇有氧运动通过降低血液中BUN和sCr表达,减少肾脏间质胶原沉积,缓解CHF大鼠肾脏功能紊乱。2) 间歇有氧运动通过降低AVP活性,减少AQP2基因和蛋白表达,减缓CHF大鼠肾脏水潴留。 3) 间歇有氧运动干预改善CHF大鼠肾脏功能的机制可能与NF-κB信号转导通路有关。  相似文献   
84.
ABSTRACT

Acute and adaptive changes in systemic markers of oxidatively generated nucleic acid modifications (i.e., 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2?-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo)) as well as inflammatory cytokines (i.e., C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumour necrosis factor alpha), a liver hormone (i.e., fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)), and bone metabolism markers (sclerostin, osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide, and N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen) were investigated following a marathon in 20 study participants. Immediate changes were observed in inflammatory cytokines, FGF21, and bone metabolism markers following the marathon. In contrast, no immediate changes in urinary excretion of 8-oxodG and 8-oxoGuo were evident. Four days after the marathon, decreased urinary excretion of 8-oxodG (-2.9 (95% CI -4.8;-1.1) nmol/24 h, P < 0.01) and 8-oxoGuo (-5.8 (95% CI -10.3;-1.3) nmol/24 h, P = 0.02) was observed. The excretion rate of 8-oxodG remained decreased 7 days after the marathon compared to baseline (-2.3 (95%CI -4.3;-0.4) nmol/24 h, P = 0.02), whereas the excretion rate of 8-oxoGuo was normalized. In conclusion marathon participation immediately induced a considerable inflammatory response, but did not increase excretion rates of oxidatively generated nucleic acid modifications. In fact, a delayed decrease in oxidatively generated nucleic acid modifications was observed suggesting adaptive antioxidative effects following exercise.  相似文献   
85.
炎症是医学中一个十分常见且重要的病理过程,文章通过探讨炎症的临床表现、炎症的基本病变和炎症的结局中的哲学因素,旨在阐明自觉运用马克思主义哲学的思辨观分析炎症实属必要,以期达到对炎症的深刻理解。  相似文献   
86.
Abstract

Both carbohydrate depletion and dehydration have been shown to decrease performance whilst severe dehydration can also cause adverse health effects. Therefore carbohydrate and fluid requirements are increased with exercise. Ingestion of 200–300?g of CHO 3–4?h prior to exercise is an effective strategy in order to meet daily CHO demands and increase CHO availability during the subsequent exercise period. There is little evidence that CHO during the hour immediately prior to exercise has adverse effects such as rebound hypoglycaemia. CHO ingestion during exercise has been shown to improve performance as measured by enhanced work output or decreased exercise time to complete a fixed amount of work. Recent studies have demonstrated that exogenous CHO oxidation rates can be increased by ingesting combinations of CHO that use different intestinal CHO transporters. After exercise maximal muscle glycogen re-synthesis rates can be achieved by ingesting CHO at a rate of ～1.2?g/kg/h, in relatively frequent (e.g., 15–30?min) intervals for up to 5?h following exercise. Protein amino acid mixtures may increase glycogen synthesis further but only if relatively small amounts of CHO are ingested.

Hypohydration and hyperthermia alone have negative effects on performance but their combination is particularly serious, both in terms of performance and health. Dehydration can be prevented by fluid ingestion pre exercise and during exercise. Because of large individual differences it is difficult to individualise the advice. Perhaps the best guidance for athletes is to weigh themselves to assess fluid losses during training and racing and limit weight losses to 1% during exercise lasting longer than 1.5?h. Excessive fluid intake has been associated with hyponatremia. Post exercise the volume of fluid ingested and sodium intake are important determinants of rehydration.  相似文献   
87.
Abstract

Exercise for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been shown to improve cardiovascular function, increase strength and endurance, and reduce fatigue. The impact of exercise on immune function in the disease, however, remains mostly unexplored. Ten female MS patients participated in an 8 week programme of twice-weekly progressive resistance training, with pre- and post-training assessment of serum concentrations of cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, CRP, TNF-α and IFN-γ. After training, IL-4, IL-10, CRP and IFN-γ showed statistically reduced resting concentrations in blood, while TNF-α showed non-significant reductions and IL-2 and IL-6 remained unchanged. These results suggest that progressive resistance training may have an impact on cytokine concentrations in individuals with MS and should be confirmed in studies with stronger statistical power. The impact of these changes on overall immune function in MS and on disease status and prognosis remains to be determined.  相似文献   
88.

Introduction:

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infectious diseases in children. The aim of this study was to determine the total prooxidant and antioxidant capacity of children with UTI, as well as changes of oxidative status parameters according to acute inflammation persistence and acute kidney injury (AKI) development.

Materials and methods:

The patients enrolled in the study comprised 50 Caucasian children (median age was 6 months) with UTI. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP) and renal function parameters urea and creatinine were analyzed in patient’s serums.

Results:

According to duration of inflammation during UTI, TAS values were significantly higher (0.99 vs. 0.58 mmol/L, P = 0.017) and OSI values were significantly lower (0.032 vs. 0.041 AU, P = 0.037) in the subjects with longer duration of inflammation than in the subjects with shorter duration of inflammation. We did not find significant difference in basal values of oxidative status parameters according to AKI development.

Conclusions:

OSI values could detect the simultaneous change of TAS and TOS due to change in the oxidative-antioxidant balance during the recovery of children with UTI. TAS and OSI as markers of oxidative stress during UTI are sensitive to accompanying inflammatory condition. Further investigations are needed to evaluate whether TAS, TOS and OSI could be used to monitor disease severity in children with UTI.  相似文献   
89.
目的 探讨乳腺疾病患者血清超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）的含量变化.方法 采用胶乳凝集反应法检测52例乳腺炎、37例乳腺囊性增生、29例乳腺囊肿、20例乳腺肌瘤和45例健康对照者血清中hs-CRP含量,并进行对比分析.结果 乳腺炎、乳腺囊性增生组的血清中hs-CRP含量与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;乳腺囊肿,乳腺肌瘤组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 炎症反应性疾病患者hsCRP升高,而良性肿瘤患者hs-CRP含量正常.  相似文献   
90.
The diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) seems relatively difficult due to the absence of specific symptoms and signs in patients on peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis.We report four cases of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis on dialysis,with two cases on peritoneal dialysis and two cases on hemodialysis.The presentations,therapy,and outcomes of TB infection in these patients were reviewed.Otherwise,the English literature published in the PubMed database associating extra-pulmonary tuberculosis on dialysis over the last three decades is reviewed.A total of 61 studies containing 70 cases were included.The most common primary disease was diabetic nephropathy(22.86%,16/70).The peritoneum(31.42%,22/70),bone(21.42%,15/70),and lymph node(20%,14/70) were the most frequently infected.Single organ infection was common(90%,63/70).Fever(58.57%,41/70),pain(35.71%,25/70),and enlarged lymph node(20%,14/70) were the most common symptoms.Biopsy(67.14%,47/70) and culture(40%,28/70) provided most reliable methods for clear diagnosis of tuberculosis.The combined treatment of isoniazid,rifampicin,pyrazinamide,and ethambutol(44.29%,31/70) was the most common therapy.The majority of patients improved(82.86%,58/70);however,12 cases got worse(17.14%),with 10 of them dying(14.29%).Physicians should be aware of the non-specific symptoms and location of infection,and consider tuberculosis in their differential diagnoses in dialysis patients presenting with symptoms such as fever,pain,and weight loss.  相似文献   
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